Примечания

1

Marc Bitzer (former COO and current CEO of Whirlpool), интервью исследовательской группе Boston Consulting Group, 15 июня, 2017.

2

Мы можем представить себе совокупный акционерный доход (TSR) как состоящий из трёх основных компонентов: (1) роста прибыли, (2) увеличения цены акций и (3) денежного дохода для акционеров. Подробнее см. в Gerry Hansell et al., “The Dynamics of TSR Turnarounds,” BCG, July 15, 2014, downloaded April 6, 2020, at https://www.bcg.com/publications/2014/value-creation-strategy-dyamics-tsr-turnarounds.aspx.

3

Scott D. Anthony et al., “2018 Corporate Longevity Forecast: Creative Destruction Is Accelerating,” Innosight, accessed December 10, 2019, https://www.innosight.com/insight/creative-destruction/.

4

Martin Reeves and Lisanne Püschel, “Die Another Day: What Leaders Can Do About the Shrinking Life Expectancy of Corporations,” BCG, December 2, 2015, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2015/strategy-die-another-day-what-leaders-can-do-about-the-shrinking-life-expectancy-of-corporations.aspx.

5

John D. Stoll, “CEO Tenure Is Getting Shorter. Maybe That’s a Good Thing,” Wall Street Journal, October 4, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/ceo-tenure-is-getting-shorter-maybe-thats-a-good-thing-1538664764; Lauren Silva Laughlin, “Many C. E. O. Tenures Are Getting Shorter,” New York Times, October 23, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/23/business/dealbook/ceo-tenure-kimberly-clark.html.

6

Hans-Paul Bürkner, Martin Reeves, Hen Lotan, and Kevin Whitaker, “A Bad Time to Be Average,” BCG, July 22, 2019, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/bad-time-to-be-average.aspx.

7

TCS’s IPO prospectus, June 2004, 67, http://www.cmlinks.com/pub/dp/dp5400.pdf.

8

Jochelle Mendonca, “TCS Restructures Its Business Units to Focus on Long-Term Strategy,” Economic Times, last updated October 22, 2018, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/tcs-restructures-its-business-units-to-focus-on-long-term-strategy/articleshow/66309922.cms.

9

“Blazing a Trail,” Tata, accessed April 2, 2020, https://www.tata.com/newsroom/titan-diversity-blazing-a-trail.

10

Рыночная капитализация составляла 115 млрд долл. на 30 декабря 2019 г. Все цифры взяты из созданной BCG базы данных ValueScience, данные по состоянию на 30 декабря 2019 г.

11

N. Shivapriya, “How N. Chandrasekaran’s Second Term at TCS Will Be Different from His First,” Economic Times, September 4, 2014, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/how-n-chandrasekarans-second-term-at-tcs-will-be-different-from-his-first/articleshow/41650912.cms.

12

Paul Laudicina, “Globalization Is Dead: What Now?” World Economic Forum, January 20, 2016, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/globalization-is-dead-what-now/.

13

“2019 Edelman Trust Barometer Reveals ‘My Employer’ Is the Most Trusted Institution,” Edelman, January 20, 2019, https://www.edelman.com/news-awards/2019-edelman-trust-barometer-reveals-my-employer-most-trusted-institution.

14

См., например, Richard Baldwin, The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization (Cambridge: Belknap, 2016).

15

«Хотя экономика практически всех стран сталкивается с затруднениями, именно беднейшие страны сталкиваются с наиболее пугающими сложностями в силу своей хрупкости, географической изолированности и неискоренимой бедности», – сказала вице-президент Группы Всемирного банка по справедливому росту, финансам и институтам Сейла Пазарбазиоглу (World Bank, “Global Growth to Weaken to 2.6 % in 2019, Substantial Risks Seen,” press release, June 4, 2019, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/06/04/global-growth-to-weaken-to-26-in-2019-substantial-risks-seen).

16

Erdal Yalcin, Gabriel Felbermayr, and Marina Steininger, “Global Impact of a Protectionist U. S. Trade Policy,” Институт экономических исследований, October 2017, 29–30, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/ifo_Forschungsberichte_89_2017_Yalcin_etal_US_TradePolicy.pdf.

17

Vanessa Gunnella and Lucia Quaglietti, “The Economic Implications of Rising Protectionism: A Euro Area and Global Perspective,” ECB Economic Bulletin 3 (2019), https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/economic-bulletin/articles/2019/html/ecb.ebart201903_01~e589a502e5.en.html#toc3.

18

Emma Cosgrove, “‘Economic Nationalism’ Is a Growing Challenge for Manufacturers, Survey Says,” Supply Chain Dive, November 13, 2018, https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/economic-nationalism-risk-for-manufacturers/542137/.

19

Цифры внесены в базу данных TeleGeography в ноябре 2019 г., данные по состоянию на 12 декабря 2019 г.

20

Институт Брюса Хендерсона BCG: Центр макроэкономики, частное исследование, 2019.

21

Luke Kawa, “Traders Are Wagering the VIX Hits Triple Digits on Tuesday,” Bloomberg, March 9, 2020, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020–03–09/traders-are-wagering-the-vix-hits-triple-digits-on-tuesday.

22

“Vix-Index,” CBOE, accessed June 5, 2020, http://www.cboe.com/products/vix-index-volatility/vix-options-and-futures/vix-index/vix-historical-data#.

23

“Business Roundtable Redefines the Purpose of a Corporation to Promote ‘An Economy That Serves All Americans,’” Business Roundtable, August 19, 2019, https://www.businessroundtable.org/business-roundtable-redefines-the-purpose-of-corporation-to-promote-an-economy-that-serves-all-americans.

24

Douglas Beal et al., “Total Societal Impact: A New Lens for Strategy,” BCG, October 25, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/total-societal-impact-new-lens-strategy.aspx; Douglas Beal et al., “Insights on Total Societal Impact from Five Industries,” BCG, October 25, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/corporate-development-finance-strategy-insights-total-societal-impact-five-industries.aspx.

25

Андреа Альварес (директор Natura по маркетингу, экологической устойчивости и инновациям), интервью с исследовательской группой BCG, 18 марта 2020 г.

26

“About Us,” Natura, accessed March 29, 2020, https://www.naturabrasil.com/pages/about-us; “Cosmetics & Relationships,” Natura, accessed March 29, 2020, https://www.naturabrasil.fr/en-us/our-values/our-essence.

27

Как рассказывала Сеабра, “В 16 лет я услышала цитату Платона: «Один есть всё; всё едино.» Это стало настоящим открытием для меня. С тех пор меня никогда не оставляла идея принадлежности к единому целому.” Michael Silverstein and Rune Jacobsen, “Take Giant Leaps (Because You’re Not Going to Win with Timid Steps),” BCG, October 7, 2015, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2015/marketing-sales-consumer-products-take-giant-leaps-not-going-win-timid-steps.aspx.

28

“Natura &Co,” Natura Co., 2018, https://naturaeco.com/report_2018_en.pdf.

29

“Natura: Multi-Level Sales for Multi-Level Impact,” Business Call to Action, accessed March 29, 2020, https://www.businesscalltoaction.org/sites/default/files/resources/bcta_casestudy_natura_web.pdf.

30

“Natura &Co,” 37.

31

“Natura: Multi-Level Sales for Multi-Level Impact”; “Natura &Co,” 57.

32

Geoffrey Jones, “The Growth Opportunity That Lies Next Door,” Harvard Business Review, July—August 2012, https://hbr.org/2012/07/the-growth-opportunity-that-lies-next-door.

33

Кейван Маседо (менеджер Natura Cosmeticos SA по вопросам экологической устойчивости), интервью с представителями BCG, 20 марта 2019 г.

34

Luciana Hashiba, “Innovation in Well-Being,” Management Exchange, May 18, 2012, https://www.managementexchange.com/story/innovation-in-well-being.

35

“Our Engagements,” Natura, accessed April 1, 2020, https://www.naturabrasil.fr/en-us/our-values/sustainable-development.

36

“Natura Presents Campaign with New Positioning of the Brand: The World Is More Beautiful with You,” Cosmeticos BR, February 12, 2019, https://www.cosmeticosbr.com.br/conteudo/en/natura-presents-today-a-campaign-with-new-positioning-of-the-brand-the-world-is-more-beautiful-with-you/.

37

BCG company research; Andres Schipani, “Beauty Company Natura Balances Profitability and Sustainability,” Financial Times, December 4, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/4795bbe2-e469–11e9-b8e0–026e07cbe5b4.

38

“Impact Case Study: Natura’s Commitment to Ethical BioTrade,” Union for Ethical BioTrade, accessed April 1, 2020, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58bfcaf22994ca36885f063e/t/5d1a1b3ecff76800013e65d2/1561992003982/Natura-impact+study-july+2019.pdf; Guilherme Leal, “Exploiting Rainforest Riches While Conserving Them,” Telegraph, June 10, 2019, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/how-to-be-green/exploiting-and-conserving-rainforest-riches/.

39

Кейван Маседо, интервью с представителями BCG, 20 марта 2019 г.

40

“Natura’s Carbon Neutral Programme | Global,” United Nations, accessed March 31, 2020, https://unf.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/climate-neutral-now/natura.

41

Андреа Альварес, интервью с исследовательской группой BCG, 18 марта 2020 г.

42

Hashiba, “Innovation in Well-Being,” https://www.managementexchange.com/story/innovation-in-well-being.

43

Андреа Альварес, интервью с исследовательской группой BCG, 18 марта 2020 г.

44

“About Us,” Natura, accessed March 29, 2020, https://www.naturabrasil.com/pages/about-us.

45

“Care About the Planet,” Natura, accessed April 19, 2020, https://www.naturabrasil.com/pages/care-about-the-planet-a-sustainable-timeline.

46

Кейван Маседо, интервью с представителями BCG, 20 марта 2019 г.

47

Взято с сайта investing.com, данные по состоянию на 15 января 2020 г.

48

Katharine Earley, “More Than Half of All Businesses Ignore UN’s Sustainable Development Goals,” Guardian, September 30, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/sep/30/businesses-ignore-un-sustainable-development-goals-survey.

49

Scott Tong, “How Shareholders Jumped to First in Line for Profits,” MarketPlace, June 14, 2016, https://www.marketplace.org/2016/06/14/profit-shareholder-value/.

50

Tony O’Malley, “Business for Good: How Fujitsu Believes CSR Is Essential for Business Success,” Business & Finance, accessed March 29, 2020, https://businessandfinance.com/business-for-good-fujitsu/.

51

Роберто Маркес (председатель совета директоров и генеральный директор группы Natura &Co), интервью с представителями BCG, 10 марта 2020 г.

52

Governance & Sustainability Institute, “Flash Report: 86 % of S&P 500 Index® Companies Publish Sustainability / Responsibility Reports in 2018,” press release, May 16, 2019, https://www.ga-institute.com/press-releases/article/flash-report-86-of-sp-500-indexR-companies-publish-sustainability-responsibility-reports-in-20.html.

53

Анализ, выполненный BCG на основании годового отчёта MSCI (2018), Crunchbase, справочник S&P для инвесторов (2019) и расчёты Vigeo Eiris (2017).

54

Alana L. Griffin, Michael J. Biles, and Tyler J. Highful, “Institutional Investors Petition the SEC to Require ESG Disclosures,” American Bar Association, January 16, 2019, https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/publications/blt/2019/01/investors/.

55

“China Mandates ESG Disclosures for Listed Companies and Bond Issuers,” Latham & Watkins, February 6, 2018, https://www.globalelr.com/2018/02/china-mandates-esg-disclosures-for-listed-companies-and-bond-issuers/.

56

“CGS Survey Reveals ‘Sustainability’ Is Driving Demand and Customer Loyalty,” CGS, accessed March 30, 2020, https://www.cgsinc.com/en/infographics/CGS-Survey-Reveals-Sustainability-Is-Driving-Demand-and-Customer-Loyalty; “Study: 81 % of Consumers Say They Will Make Personal Sacrifices to Address Social, Environmental Issues,” Sustainable Brands, accessed March 31, 2020, https://sustainablebrands.com/read/stakeholder-trends-and-insights/study-81-of-consumers-say-they-will-make-personal-sacrifices-to-address-social-environmental-issues.

57

“Sustainability Futures,” The Future Laboratory, 6, 13, https://www.thefuturelaboratory.com/hubfs/Sustainability%20Futures%20Report.pdf.

58

“Americans Willing to Buy or Boycott Companies Based on Corporate Values, According to New Research by Cone Communications,” Cone, May 17, 2017, https://www.conecomm.com/news-blog/2017/5/15/americans-willing-to-buy-or-boy cott-companies-based-on-corporate-values-according-to-new-research-by-cone-com munications.

59

“Performance with Purpose: Sustainability Report 2017,” PepsiCo, 2, https://www.pepsico.com/docs/album/sustainability-report/2017-csr/pepsico_2017_csr.pdf.

60

“Performance with Purpose,” PepsiCo, 1.

61

“Performance with Purpose,” PepsiCo, 3; “Indra K. Nooyi on Performance with Purpose,” BCG, January 14, 2010, https://www.bcg.com/en-in/publications/2010/indra-nooyi-performance-purpose.aspx.

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