Зворотні займенники – використовуються, коли особа або предмет виконують дію, спрямовану на саме себе.
Little Timmy fell and hurt himself. – Малюк Тіммі впав і забився.
Однина
1 особа – себе, собi – myself
2 особа – собi – yourself
3 особа – себе, сам/себе, сама/себе, сам, сама, само – himself/herself/itself
загальна особа – себе, собі, сам, сама – oneself
Множина
1 особа – собі, себе, собою – ourselves
2 особа – себе – yourselves
3 особа – себе, собі, самі – themselves
Зворотні займенники можуть служити для емоційного посилення
But you yourself saw it! = You saw it yourself! – Але ж Ви самі все бачили!
Зворотний займенник oneself можна використовувати стосовно до всіх людей:
The only thing I can recommend to achieve success is to treat oneself with self-criticism. – Єдине, що я можу порадити, щоб домогтися успіху – ставитися до себе з самокритикою.
Зворотні займенники не використовуються після дієслів feel, afford, wash, bath, shave, (un)dress, change (clothes).
I feel terrible. – Я страшенно себе почуваю.
I’d like to have a Porsche but I cannot afford it. – Я хотів би мати Порше, але я не можу собі цього дозволити.
I dressed quickly, had my breakfast and left for work. – Я швидко одягнувся, поснідав і поїхав на роботу.
Вправа 18
Поставте необхідний зворотний займенник..
The water is hot, don’t burn …. – The water is hot, don’t burn yourself.
1. I am angry with …. 2. Can you do many things …? 3. You see you've cut … again. Be more careful. 4. He fell down and hurt …. 5. Does your friend Nick often talk to you about …? 6. I think that poor dog hurt …. 7. Tell me more about …. 8. Did your mother buy anything for … last week? 9. He came into the room and introduced …. 10. She believes in …. 11. Are you always sure of …? 12. We didn't know where to hide …. 13. We are sure of …. 14. Can a little child take care of …?
Вправа 19
Поставте необхідний зворотний займенник.
1. She is very sure of …. 2. They did everything …. 3. Do you believe in …? 4. Children, you can't do that …. 5. Did you translate the text …? 6. Did the pupils answer all the questions …? 7. They always speak only about …. 8. I saw everything …. 9. Did you make the dress …? 10. We should always believe in …. 11. The knife was sharp, and she cut …. 12. Babies cannot look after …. 13. They introduced …. 14. I tried to control ….
Вправа 20
Знайдіть помилки в деяких реченнях і виправте їх.
1. My sister taught himself to swim. 2. Anna repaired the chair herself. 3. The children are making themselves something to eat. 4. I hurt me when I fell down the stairs. 5. We're meeting ourselves at 8.00 this evening. 6. We're enjoying ourselves very much.
Вправа 21
Дайте відповідь на питання, маючи на увазі, що всю роботу люди зробили самостійно.
Who bought that book for him? – He bought it himself.
1. Who cooked your breakfast this morning? 2. Who helped them to translate the text? 3. Who helped the little girl to dress? 4. Who helped you to find the way? 5. Who cleaned your classroom? 6. Who washes your clothes? 7. Who broke his tape-recorder? 8. Who built their house? 9. Who helped her to do maths? 10. Who planted the garden in front of your house?
Вправа 22
Заповніть пропуски зворотними займенниками, де це необхідно.
1. All our friends enjoyed … at his birthday party. 2. I often speak to … when I'm in bad mood and alone. 3. Polly and Nancy, help … to sweets and juice. 4. Concentrate … if you don't want to fail your exam. 5. They haven't decided yet where they'd meet …. 6. Little Polly is only two but she can dress …. 7. She got up, washed … and left the house without disturbing anyone. 8. I'm not angry with him. I'm angry with …. 9. Relax … when you dance. 10. They never think about other people. They only think about …. 11. Who went with her? – Nobody. She went by …. 12. Let's hide … under that tree. The rain is so heavy. 13. He feels … not well today. 14. Don't take him to the party. He'll spoil everything …. 15. We didn't know who that young guy was. He didn't introduce …. 16. It's windy, you may catch cold …. 17. Children, take the towel and dry ….