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1

Обозначение для преподавателей, которые в связи с преклонным возрастом освобождены от исполнения своих ежедневных обязанностей. – Прим. пер.

2

P. Sharp, T. Jacks, and S. Hockfield, “Capitalizing on Convergence for Health Care,” Science 352, no. 6293 (2016): 1522–1523, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2350; Phillip Sharp and Susan Hockfield, “Convergence: The Future of Health,” Science 355, no. 6325 (2017): 589, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam8563.

3

Департамент по экономическим и социальным вопросам ООН, демографический отдел “Перспективы мировой урбанизации, редакция 2018 г.”, 2018, http://population.un.org/wup/DataQuery.

4

Chunwu Zhu et al.,“Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Levels This Century Will Alter the Protein, Micronutrients, and Vitamin Content of Rice Grains with Potential Health Consequences for the Poorest Rice-Dependent Countries,” Science Advances 4, no. 5 (2018): 1–8, http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012.

5

John A. Church and Neil J. White, “A 20th Century Acceleration in Global Sea-Level Rise,” Geophysical Research Letters 33, no. 1 (2006): 94–97, http://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024826; Benjamin D. Santer et al., “Tropospheric Warming over the Past Two Decades,” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (2017): 3–8, http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02520-7.

6

Мальтус Т. Р. Опыт о законе народонаселения. – Петрозаводск: Петроком, 1993.

7

Комплексный проект учета численности народонаселения Великобритании. Последнее изменение – май 29, 2015, http://www.freecen.org.uk.

8

Mark Overton, Agricultural Revolution in England: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Robert C. Allen, “Tracking the Agricultural Revolution in England,” Economic History Review 52, no. 2 (1999): 209–35, http://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.00123.

9

Susan Hockfield, “The Next Innovation Revolution,” Science 323, no. 5918 (2009): 1147, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170834; Susan Hockfield, “A New Century’s New Technologies,” Project Syndicate (2015), http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/engineering-biotech-innovations-by-susan-hockfield-2015–01.

10

Marcella Bombardieri and Jenna Russell, “Female Leadership Signals Shift at MIT,” Boston Globe, August 27, 2004; Arthur Jones, “Susan Hockfield Elected MIT’s 16th President,” TechTalk 49, no. 1 (2004); Katie Zezima, “M.I.T. Makes Yale Provost First Woman to Be Its Chief,” New York Times, August 27, 2004, http://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3945.0402.

11

Девизом МТИ является латинское выражение “Головой и руками” (лат. Mens et Manus). – Прим. пер.

12

Томас Магнатти в разговоре с автором осенью 2004 г.

13

H. F. Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation: The Makers of the Revolution in Biology (Plainview, NY: CSHL Press, 1996).

14

Rosalind E. Franklin and R. G. Gosling, “Evidence for 2-Chain Helix in Crystalline Structure of Sodium Deoxyribonucleate,” Nature 172, no. 4369 (1953): 156–57; Rosalind E. Franklin and R. G. Gosling, “Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate,” Nature 171, no. 4356 (1953): 740–41; J. D. Watson and F. H. Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” Nature 171, no. 4356 (1953): 737–38; M. H. F. Wilkins, “Molecular Configuration of Nucleic Acids,” Science 140, no. 3570 (1963):941–50.

15

E. S. Lander et al., “Initial Sequencing and Analysis of the Human Genome,” Nature 409, no. 6822 (2001): 860–921, http://doi.org/10.1038/35057062; J. C. Venter et al., “The Sequence of the Human Genome,” Science 291, no. 5507 (2001): 1304–51, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058040.

16

Постдипломное обучение – эквивалент аспирантуры в России. По его окончании присуждается степень PhD (лат. Philosophiae Doctor, доктор философии), соответствующая российской степени кандидата наук. – Прим. науч. ред.

17

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, XLVIII, C. S. H. Laboratory, 1983.

18

Процесс реализации генетической информации, которую несет данный ген, – синтез на его основе РНК с возможностью последующего синтеза белка. – Прим. науч. ред.

19

Joseph John Thomson, “XL. Cathode Rays,” The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 44, no. 269 (1897): 293–316, http://doi.org/10.1080/14786449708621070.

20

Ernest Rutherford, “LXXIX. The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom,” Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 21, no. 125 (1911): 669–88, http://doi.org/10.1080/14786440508637080; Otto Glasser, “W. C. Roentgen and the Discovery of the Roentgen Rays,” American Journal of Roentgenology 165 (1995): 1033–40; R. F. Mould, “Marie and Pierre Curie and Radium: History, Mystery, and Discovery,” Medical Physics 26, no. 9 (1999): 1766–72, http://doi.org/10.1118/1.598680.

21

Национальная академия наук, Кабинет министра внутренних дел, “Биографические воспоминания” – Biographical Memoirs, vol. 61 (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992).

22

Национальная академия наук, Кабинет министра внутренних дел, “Биографические воспоминания” – Biographical Memoirs, vol. 61 (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992).

23

T. A. Saad, “The Story of the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine (October 1990): 46–51.

24

S. James Adelstein, “Robley Evans and What Physics Can Do for Medicine,” Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 16, no. 3 (2001): 179–85, http://doi.org/10.1089/10849780152389375.

25

Angela N. H. Creager, “Phosphorus-32 in the Phage Group: Radioisotopes as Historical Tracers of Molecular Biology,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40, no. 1 (2009): 29–42, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2008.12.005.Phosphorus-32.

26

S. Hertz, A. Roberts, and R. D. Evans, “Radioactive Iodine as an Indicator in the Study of Thyroid Physiology,” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Bio-logy and Medicine 38 (1938): 510–13; S. Hertz and A. Roberts, “Radioactive Iodine in the Study of Thyroid Physiology: VII. The Use of Radioactive Iodine Thera-py in Hyperthyroidism,” Journal of the American Medical Association 131, no. 2 (1946): 81–86; Derek Bagley, “January 2016: Thyroid Month: The Saga of Radioiodine Therapy,” Endocrine News (January 2016); Frederic H. Fahey, Frederick D. Grant, and James H. Thrall, “Saul Hertz, MD, and the Birth of Radionuclide Therapy,” EJNMMI Physics 4, no. 1 (2017), http://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-017-0182-7.

27

Термин означает индивидуальный подход к лечению больных, противоположность лечению усредненного пациента. Методики лечения адаптируются под конкретного пациента, однако создание уникальных для него препаратов или методов не предполагается. – Прим. пер.

28

. MIT Reports to the President 73, no. 1 (1937): 19–113; Karl T. Compton and John W. M. Bunker, “The Genesis of a Curriculum in Biological Engineering,” Scientific Monthly 48, no. 1 (1939): 5–15.

29

. MIT Reports to the President 80, no. 1 (1944): 8.

30

Национальная академия наук, Кабинет министра внутренних дел, “Биографические воспоминания” – Biographical Memoirs, vol. 61 (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992).

31

Управление денежными и сырьевыми ресурсами, товарами и услугами компании электронным способом через интернет. – Прим. пер.

32

Вычислительная сеть физических объектов / “вещей”, оснащенных встроенными технологиями для взаимодействия друг с другом или с внешней цифровой средой. – Прим. пер.

33

Janelle R. Thompson et al., “Genotypic Diversity within a Natural Coastal Bacterioplankton Population,” Science 307, no. 5713 (2005): 1311–13, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106028; Dikla Man-Aharonovich et al., “Diversity of Active Marine Picoeukaryotes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Unveiled Using Photosystem-II psbA Transcripts,” ISME Journal 4, no. 8 (2010):1044–52, http://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.25.

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Kristala Jones Prather et al., “Industrial Scale Production of Plasmid DNA for Vaccine and Gene Therapy: Plasmid Design, Production, and Purification,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33, no. 7 (2003): 865–83, http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00205-9; Kristala L. Jones Prather and Collin H. Martin, “De Novo Biosynthetic Pathways: Rational Design of Microbial Chemical Factories,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19, no. 5 (2008): 468–74, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.07.009; Micah J. Sheppard, Aditya M. Kunjapur, and Kristala L. J. Prather, “Modular and Selective Biosynthesis of Gasoline-Range Alkanes,” Metabolic Engineering 33 (2016): 28–40, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.010.

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Thomas P. Burg et al., “Weighing of Biomolecules, Single Cells and Single Nanoparticles in Fluid,” Nature 446, no. 7139 (2007): 1066–69, http://doi.org/10.1038/nature05741; Nathan Cermak et al., “High-Throughput Measurement of Single-Cell Growth Rates Using Serial Microfluidic Mass Sensor Arrays,” Nature Biotechnology 34, no. 10 (2016): 1052–59, http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3666; Arif E. Cetin et al., “Determining Therapeutic Susceptibility in Multiple Myeloma by Single-Cell Mass Accumulation,” Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (2017), http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01593-2.

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Hannah Seligson, “Hatching Ideas, and Companies, by the Dozens at M.I.T.,” New York Times, November 24, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/business/mit-lab-hatches-ideas-and-companies-by-the-dozens.html; Joel Brown, “MIT Scientist Robert Langer Talks about the Future of Research,” Boston Globe, May 8, 2015, http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2015/05/08/mit-scientist-robert-langer-talks-about-future-research/I0ggn93cxapR8omjcrM1hI/story.htm.

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